— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人如何管理糖尿病並預防併發症。下列哪些指導對於降低感染風險至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client about managing their diabetes and preventing complications. Which of the following instructions is essential for reducing the risk of infection? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor blood glucose levels regularly✓ 正解定期監測血糖水平
- BPractice good foot hygiene daily✓ 正解每天做好足部清潔衛生
- CGet an annual influenza vaccination✓ 正解接種年度流感疫苗
- DAvoid sharing personal items like razors✓ 正解避免共用刮鬍刀等個人物品
- EIncrease intake of sugary drinks to boost energy增加含糖飲料的攝取以提升能量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病病人因高血糖會損害免疫細胞功能（如白血球趨化與吞噬能力），且高血糖環境有利於細菌生長，故感染風險極高。預防感染需採取多面向護理：血糖控制（降低細菌生長環境）、嚴格的足部護理（糖尿病足易發生潰瘍與感染）、疫苗接種（預防常見併發感染）以及避免共用個人物品（阻斷病原傳播）。糖飲會加重高血糖，絕對應避免。
Hyperglycemia impairs immune cell function and promotes bacterial growth, increasing infection risk. Essential preventive measures include regular blood glucose monitoring, strict daily foot hygiene to detect skin breakdown, annual influenza vaccination, and avoiding sharing personal items to prevent pathogen transmission.