一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，出現呼吸急促、胸部心悸和瀕死感。護理師首要採取什麼行動？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, chest palpitations, and a sense of impending doom. What is the nurse's priority action?
- AEncourage the client to discuss the source of their anxiety鼓勵病人討論焦慮的來源
- BAdminister the prescribed PRN anxiolytic medication immediately立即給予處方之備用抗焦慮藥物
- CInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示病人用紙袋呼吸
- DStay with the client and speak in a calm, firm voice✓ 正解陪伴病人並以平靜堅定的語氣說話
恐慌發作時，病人的安全感極度缺乏。護理師保持冷靜陪伴可提供穩定環境，減少恐懼感。A 現已不建議，因可能導致缺氧；B 雖為治療之一，但非首要，先建立治療性溝通；D 當下病人極度焦慮，無法進行理性討論，待情緒緩和後再談。
During a panic attack, the nurse's priority is to stay with the client and speak in a calm, firm voice to provide a sense of security and reduce fear. Cognitive processing is impaired during acute episodes, making discussion of anxiety sources ineffective initially. Paper bag breathing is contraindicated due to the risk of hypoxia, and while medication may be used later, non-pharmacological support is the first intervention.
台美在恐慌護理上皆以支持性照護為主，美國護理師依醫囑給藥權限較高，台灣則需嚴格遵守醫囑給藥。