— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位肝硬化伴隨腹水的病人，哪項護理措施對於預防併發症至關重要？
A client with cirrhosis of the liver presents with ascites. Which nursing intervention is essential to prevent complications?
- AMaintain a low-sodium diet✓ 正解維持低鈉飲食
- BAdminister morphine for abdominal pain給予嗎啡以緩解腹痛
- CIncrease daily fluid intake增加每日液體攝取量
- DEncourage intake of high-protein snacks鼓勵攝取高蛋白點心
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝硬化腹水主要因門靜脈高壓與低白蛋白血症引起，鈉滯留會加重腹水。因此，嚴格限制鈉攝取是控制腹水的首要策略。增加水分會加重水腫；嗎啡在肝病病人因代謝能力差易引發肝昏迷；高蛋白飲食需視血氨情形而定，不可盲目攝取。
Maintaining a low-sodium diet is essential for clients with cirrhosis and ascites to prevent fluid retention and reduce abdominal distension. Increasing fluid intake exacerbates edema, while opioids and excessive protein can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy due to impaired liver metabolism.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於肝病病人的止痛藥選擇原則一致，皆避免使用嗎啡類藥物，首選多為乙醯胺酚（需監測劑量）。