— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師在給予華法林(Warfarin)時,下列哪些護理措施是適當的?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following nursing actions are appropriate when administering Warfarin to a client? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor the International Normalized Ratio (INR)✓ 正解監測國際標準化比值(INR)
- BInstruct the client to avoid sudden changes in vitamin K intake✓ 正解指導病人避免維生素K攝取量的突然變化
- CAdminister protamine sulfate if bleeding occurs若發生出血則給予硫酸魚精蛋白
- DAssess for signs of petechiae or bruising✓ 正解評估是否有瘀點或瘀傷的跡象
- ECheck the client's stool for occult blood✓ 正解檢查病人糞便中是否有潛血
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林透過抑制維生素 K 依賴性凝血因子產生作用。護理重點在於監控 INR 值以調整劑量、觀察出血跡象(瘀斑、潛血)。飲食中維生素 K 攝取量需穩定,避免波動影響藥效。魚精蛋白(Protamine sulfate)是肝素(Heparin)的解毒劑,而非華法林的解毒劑。
Warfarin therapy requires monitoring the INR to ensure therapeutic levels and assessing for signs of bleeding such as petechiae or occult blood in stool. Clients should maintain consistent vitamin K intake to stabilize the INR, whereas protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin, not warfarin.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有完善的抗凝血門診(Anticoagulation Clinic)追蹤,台灣則多由醫師在診間評估,護理師衛教角色對病人的順從性影響巨大。