— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師指導服用苯乙肼（phenelzine，一種 MAOI 藥物）的病人，應避免食用哪些食物？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing education to a client prescribed phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)
- AAged cheeses✓ 正解熟成起司
- BFresh apples新鮮蘋果
- CPepperoni pizza✓ 正解辣味臘腸披薩
- DRed wine✓ 正解紅酒
- EFermented soy sauce✓ 正解發酵黃豆醬
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
MAOI 藥物會抑制單胺氧化酶，若攝取含高酪胺（Tyramine）的食物，會導致交感神經過度興奮，誘發高血壓危象。常見高酪胺食物包含熟成起司、加工肉類（香腸、臘腸）、紅酒、發酵豆製品。新鮮水果則相對安全。
MAOIs inhibit monoamine oxidase, and ingestion of foods high in tyramine can result in excessive sympathetic stimulation, precipitating hypertensive crisis. Common foods high in tyramine include aged cheeses, processed meats (such as sausage and pepperoni), red wine, and fermented soy products. Fresh fruits are relatively safe.
✦ 台美臨床差異
MAOI 臨床使用較少，但護理衛教原則相同。台灣因飲食文化差異，需特別提醒東方發酵食品如豆腐乳、豆瓣醬等隱藏風險。