— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
頭部外傷病人出現多尿（2 小時 800 mL），且尿比重為 1.002。護理師應懷疑什麼情況？
A client with a head injury develops polyuria (800 mL in 2 hours) and has a urine specific gravity of 1.002. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
- ADiabetes Insipidus (DI)✓ 正解尿崩症 (DI)
- BSIADH抗利尿荷爾蒙分泌不適當症候群 (SIADH)
- CAcute Tubular Necrosis急性腎小管壞死
- DHyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)高血糖高滲透性狀態 (HHS)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（DI）常見於腦傷後，因 ADH 分泌不足導致無法濃縮尿液。特徵是大量稀釋尿（尿比重極低，通常 <1.005）。SIADH（B）會導致尿少、高比重尿。HHS（D）也會多尿，但比重通常較高且有極高血糖病史。
Polyuria with a very low urine specific gravity following a head injury suggests diabetes insipidus due to antidiuretic hormone deficiency. This condition results in the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine, distinguishing it from SIADH or other renal issues.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無差異。腦傷後監測 I/O 與尿比重是兩地神經外科護理的標準。