一位病患被診斷為糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)。護理師預期其動脈血氣分析(ABG)結果為何?
A client is diagnosed with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Which arterial blood gas (ABG) results does the nurse anticipate?
- ApH 7.28, PaCO2 32, HCO3 18✓ 正解pH 7.28、PaCO2 32、HCO3 18
- BpH 7.48, PaCO2 40, HCO3 30pH 7.48、PaCO2 40、HCO3 30
- CpH 7.30, PaCO2 50, HCO3 24pH 7.30、PaCO2 50、HCO3 24
- DpH 7.50, PaCO2 30, HCO3 22pH 7.50、PaCO2 30、HCO3 22
糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)的核心病理是脂肪分解產生酮體(酸性物質),導致代謝性酸中毒。1. pH 值:必然低於 7.35(酸中毒)。2. 原始問題:HCO3(碳酸氫根)會因為消耗而下降(< 22 mEq/L)。3. 補償機制:身體會透過呼吸加快(Kussmaul breathing)來排出二氧化碳,試圖代償酸中毒,因此 PaCO2 會低於正常值(< 35 mmHg)。選項 A 完美符合:pH 7.28(酸)、HCO3 18(代謝性原因)、PaCO2 32(部分呼吸補償)。選項 C 是呼吸性酸中毒;B 是呼吸性鹼中毒;D 是代謝性鹼中毒。護理師必須理解這種「酸-鹼-補償」的動態關係,以評估治療(如胰島素與輸液)是否奏效。
The core pathology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the breakdown of fat producing ketone bodies (acidic substances), which leads to metabolic acidosis. 1. pH: must be below 7.35 (acidemia). 2. Primary problem: HCO3 (bicarbonate) is consumed and decreases (< 22 mEq/L). 3. Compensation mechanism: the body increases the respiratory rate (Kussmaul breathing) to blow off carbon dioxide in an attempt to compensate for the acidosis, so PaCO2 will be lower than normal (< 35 mmHg). Option A fits perfectly: pH 7.28 (acidic), HCO3 18 (metabolic cause), PaCO2 32 (partial respiratory compensation). Option C represents respiratory acidosis; D represents respiratory alkalosis; B represents metabolic alkalosis. The nurse must understand this dynamic acid-base-compensation relationship to evaluate whether treatment (such as insulin and IV fluids) is effective.
美國 NCLEX 極度重視對 Kussmaul 呼吸的機轉理解及其與 ABG 的關聯;台灣臨床護理師同樣需判讀 ABG,但在實務中,醫師對 DKA 的陰離子間隙(Anion Gap)計算與補鹼時機有更主導的決定權。