護理師正在為一名需要空氣傳播預防措施的病人進行入院評估，下列哪項病房分配是適當的？
A nurse is performing an admission assessment for a client who requires airborne precautions. Which of the following room assignments is appropriate?
- AA private room with positive airflow pressure具有正向氣流壓力的單人病房
- BA cohort room with another client having the same infection與另一位患有相同感染的病人併住的病房
- CA private room with negative airflow pressure✓ 正解具有負向氣流壓力的單人病房
- DA shared room with an immunocompromised client與一位免疫功能低下者共用的病房
核心概念：空氣傳播預防措施（Airborne Precautions）的病房分配。 為何正確答案對： A. 需要空氣傳播預防措施的病人（如患有結核病、麻疹、水痘的病人）應入住負壓隔離病房（Private room with negative airflow pressure）。負壓設計能確保病室內的空氣只能向外流動，且經過 HEPA 濾網過濾後排出，防止帶有病原體的空氣擴散到醫院其他區域，保護了其他病人與醫護人員。 為何其他選項錯： B. 正壓隔離病房（Private room with positive airflow pressure）是為了保護免疫力低下的病人，防止外界病原體進入其病室，與空氣傳播預防措施的要求相反。 B. 與其他感染相同病原體的病人共住一室（A cohort room with another client having the same infection）適用於某些情況，但對於空氣傳播疾病，負壓隔離是更嚴格且安全的標準，以防萬一病人帶菌量高或隔離措施失效。 D. 與免疫功能低下病人共用病房（A shared room with an immunocompromised client）是絕對禁止的，因為空氣傳播的病原體可能對免疫力低下的病人造成嚴重威脅。
Clients requiring airborne precautions, such as those with tuberculosis or measles, should be placed in a private room with negative airflow pressure to contain infectious particles. This negative pressure ensures that air flows into the room rather than out, preventing the spread of pathogens to other areas of the facility and protecting healthcare workers and other patients.