哪種情況明確需要填寫正式異常事件通報單以供機構風險管理?
Which situation explicitly necessitates completing a formal hospital incident report specifically strictly for institutional risk management?
- AA visiting family member safely slips on a wet floor catching themselves without injury.✓ 正解一位訪客在濕滑地板上滑倒,自行撐住而未受傷。
- BA newly admitted severe psych ward client dramatically shouts wild profanities.一位新入院的嚴重精神科病患大聲咒罵髒話。
- CAn alert cancer client refuses their prescribed targeted pain medication.一位意識清楚的癌症病患拒絕服用處方的標靶止痛藥物。
- DThe assigned physician changes the client’s scheduled surgery from Monday to Tuesday.負責醫師將病患預定手術時間從週一改至週二。
這道題目旨在測試護理師對異常事件通報(incident report)的理解和風險管理的概念。異常事件通報不僅僅針對已造成傷害的事件,也包括「跡近錯失(near-miss)」事件,即可能發生但最終未造成傷害的事件。目的是為了識別系統中的潛在缺陷,防止類似事件再次發生並造成實際傷害。病患家屬在濕滑地板滑倒但未受傷,這是一個典型的跡近錯失事件。雖然沒有造成傷害,但它暴露了環境中的潛在風險(濕滑地板),需要進行調查、分析並採取糾正措施,以提升病患和訪客的安全。
Hospital incident reports are required for near-miss events, which are situations where harm was avoided but potential risks were exposed, such as a visitor slipping on a wet floor. Documenting these incidents allows the institution to identify systemic defects and implement corrective measures to prevent future injuries, unlike expected behaviors or standard medical decisions.
在台灣和美國,異常事件通報(或稱事件報告、不良事件通報)的概念和目的相似,都強調透過事件分析來改善醫療品質和病患安全。兩地都鼓勵通報「跡近錯失(near-miss)」事件,因為這些事件是系統缺陷的警訊,能提供寶貴的學習機會。在美國,風險管理(risk management)部門對於此類事件的處理可能更加制度化和法律化,以避免潛在訴訟。台灣的醫療機構也越來越重視跡近錯失的通報,並將其納入醫療品質管理系統中。