— 降低風險 · EASY · SATA —
護理師準備給藥，下列哪些措施展現了降低風險的安全給藥原則？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medications. Which actions demonstrate safe practice to reduce risk? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the client's identity using two patient identifiers✓ 正解使用兩項病人識別碼驗證病人身份
- BCheck the medication label against the MAR three times✓ 正解將藥物標籤與醫囑紀錄單（MAR）核對三次
- CAsk the client to state their name and room number請病人自報姓名和房號
- DUse a barcode scanning system if available✓ 正解若可用，使用條碼掃描系統
- EClarify any illegible or questionable orders with the provider✓ 正解向醫師澄清任何潦草或有疑問的醫囑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
安全給藥的五對原則（Five Rights）是護理的核心。使用兩個識別碼（通常是姓名和生日）是標準；給藥前核對三次是傳統防呆機制；條碼系統能大幅降低人為錯誤；核對不明確醫囑則是專業護理師的法律義務。房號不可作為識別碼。
Clients experiencing sudden shortness of breath and chest pain require immediate assessment as these symptoms may indicate a life-threatening emergency such as pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction. Other tasks, such as discharge teaching, hygiene assistance, and routine dressing changes, are less urgent and can be addressed after stabilizing acute conditions.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院多使用腕帶條碼系統；美國則更強調在床邊進行條碼比對與雙重確認（double-check）高危險藥物。