註冊護理師的哪項行動強烈違反了「不傷害 (Nonmaleficence)」的倫理學說？
Which action by the registered nurse strongly indicates malicious intent violating the ethical doctrine of nonmaleficence?
- ARefusing directly to administer a lethal dose of intravenous potassium chloride secretly requested by the family.拒絕直接執行家屬秘密請求的致命劑量靜脈注射氯化鉀
- BAdministering oral morphine accurately to a terminally ill client despite mild respiratory depression risks.儘管有輕微呼吸抑制風險，仍精確給予末期病人口服嗎啡
- CApplying four-point leather restraints safely to prevent a profoundly delirious client from extubation.為防止嚴重意識不清的病人拔除氣管插管，安全地施加四點皮革約束
- DForcefully silencing the client's bed alarm to catch up on electronic charting efficiently.✓ 正解為趕電子病歷進度而強行關閉病人的床邊警報器
本題考驗護理師對醫療倫理原則「不傷害 (Nonmaleficence)」的理解。不傷害原則要求醫護人員避免給病患造成傷害，這是所有醫療行為的基石。惡意 (malicious intent) 意味著主觀上故意造成傷害或將病患置於危險之中。雖然有時醫療行為可能伴隨風險（如藥物副作用），但只要是基於病患的最佳利益並符合專業標準，就不違反不傷害原則。然而，若護理師的行為是出於個人便利而故意忽視病患安全，則構成惡意行為，嚴重違反了此倫理原則。
This item assesses the nurse's understanding of the ethical principle of nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence requires that healthcare providers avoid causing harm to patients and is the foundation of all medical practice. Malicious intent means deliberately causing harm or placing the patient at risk. Although some medical interventions carry inherent risks (such as drug side effects), if they are done in the patient's best interest and meet professional standards, they do not violate nonmaleficence. However, if the nurse acts with disregard for patient safety for personal convenience, this constitutes malicious behavior and is a serious violation of this ethical principle.
關警報器是最純粹的傷害行為，考試常見必殺題。