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照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師正為一位心肌梗塞後的病人準備出院。在出院計畫過程中,護理師應包含哪些行動?(選所有適合的)

The nurse is preparing a client for discharge following a myocardial infarction. Which actions should the nurse include in the discharge planning process? (Select all that apply.)

  • AVerify that the client has a follow-up appointment scheduled.✓ 正解
    確認病人已預約回診
  • BConfirm that the client has a reliable means of transportation home.✓ 正解
    確認病人有可靠的返家交通方式
  • CProvide the client with a list of community resources for cardiac rehabilitation.✓ 正解
    提供病人心臟復健的社區資源清單
  • DPerform a final physical assessment 10 minutes before the client leaves.
    在病人離開前 10 分鐘進行最終身體評估
  • EEnsure the client understands the self-administration of new medications.✓ 正解
    確保病人了解新藥物的自行施用方法
Explanation · 中文詳解

出院計畫是一個多面向的過程,旨在確保病人從醫院到居家環境的無縫銜接(Continuity of Care)。核心組成部分包括:確認後續醫療追蹤(選項 A)、解決社會支持與物流問題如交通(選項 B)、提供社區支持資源(選項 C)以及藥物衛教(選項 E)。出院計畫應從「入院那一刻」就開始。選項 D 雖然看起來合理,但「離開前 10 分鐘」才做最後評估並不符合出院計畫的流程邏輯,評估應在整個住院期間持續進行,且重點在於評估病人的自理能力與準備度。有效的出院計畫能顯著降低再入院率,是護理管理中的關鍵品質指標。

Discharge planning should begin at admission and include verifying follow-up appointments, ensuring reliable transportation, providing community resources for cardiac rehabilitation, and educating the client on self-administration of new medications. These steps ensure continuity of care and address social determinants of health to prevent readmission.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國非常強調「跨領域團隊」在出院計畫中的角色,包括個案管理師(Case Manager)與社工。台灣的出院準備服務雖日益成熟,但常由護理師獨自負擔較多文書與聯繫工作,NCLEX 考試則著重於護理師作為「協調者」的功能。

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