護理師評估一位創傷後壓力症候群(PTSD)病人。護理師應預期哪些症狀?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is assessing a client with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which symptoms should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlashbacks of the traumatic event✓ 正解創傷事件的閃回
- BHypervigilance and exaggerated startle response✓ 正解過度警覺和誇張的驚嚇反應
- CAvoidance of places associated with the trauma✓ 正解逃避與創傷相關的場所
- DPressured speech and flight of ideas壓迫性言語和意念飛躍
- EDifficulty concentrating or sleeping✓ 正解難以集中注意力或睡眠困難
創傷後壓力症候群(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD)是一種在經歷或目睹極度創傷事件後可能發展的精神疾病。其核心症狀圍繞著對創傷事件的「再體驗」、「逃避」、負性情緒與認知改變,以及警覺性與反應性的改變。護理師在評估 PTSD 病人時,應著重於這些關鍵領域的症狀表現,以協助診斷並規劃適切的照護。識別這些症狀對於提供支持性護理、教育病人應對策略以及協調心理治療至關重要。
Clients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) typically exhibit symptoms related to re-experiencing the trauma, such as flashbacks, and avoidance of trauma-related stimuli. They also often display alterations in arousal and reactivity, including hypervigilance, exaggerated startle responses, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances.
PTSD 的診斷標準(依據 DSM-5)和臨床症狀在國際上是一致的,因此台灣和美國在評估和識別這些症狀方面沒有顯著差異。主要的差異可能在於文化背景對創傷事件的詮釋、社會支持系統的差異,以及心理治療資源的可近性。