— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位第一型糖尿病病人,下列哪些症狀與糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)有關?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Which symptoms are associated with DKA? (Select all that apply.)
- AKussmaul respirations✓ 正解庫斯莫爾呼吸
- BFruity breath odor✓ 正解果味口臭
- CHypoglycemia低血糖
- DPolyuria and polydipsia✓ 正解多尿與多飲
- EHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DKA 臨床表現包括代償性代謝性酸中毒(庫斯莫爾呼吸)、酮體堆積引起的爛蘋果味呼氣。因滲透性利尿導致多尿與多渴。此外,由於細胞內離子交換(酸中毒時氫離子進入細胞,鉀離子出來),常呈現高血鉀。低血糖是錯誤選項,DKA 通常伴隨高血糖。
DKA presents with Kussmaul respirations to compensate for metabolic acidosis and fruity breath odor due to ketone accumulation. Osmotic diuresis leads to polyuria and polydipsia, while acidosis causes a shift of potassium out of cells resulting in hyperkalemia; hypoglycemia is not associated with this condition.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆將 DKA 視為急診重症,需立即啟動胰島素滴注與電解質平衡治療,流程極為相似。