護理師收治一位疑似敗血症的病人。哪項發現提示早期敗血性休克？
A nurse is admitting a client with suspected sepsis. Which finding suggests early septic shock?
- AWarm, flushed skin and tachycardia✓ 正解皮膚溫暖潮紅且心跳過速
- BDecreased urine output尿量減少
- CBradycardia心搏過緩
- DCool, clammy skin皮膚冰冷潮濕
敗血性休克（Septic Shock）在早期階段具有獨特的血流動力學特徵，稱為「暖休克（Warm Shock）」。這是由於細菌毒素導致全身血管嚴重擴張，使得血液滯留在周邊血管，皮膚呈現溫暖潮紅。此時，心臟為了維持灌流，會出現代償性的心搏過速（Tachycardia）。若病情惡化進入後期（冷休克），則會因為組織灌流嚴重不足，轉為皮膚冰冷、濕冷及尿量減少。護理師需在早期階段識別這些徵象，及早給予輸液復甦與抗生素治療。
Early septic shock has distinctive hemodynamic characteristics known as "warm shock." Bacterial toxins cause widespread severe vasodilation, with blood pooling in the peripheral vasculature so that the skin appears warm and flushed. To maintain perfusion, the heart develops compensatory tachycardia. If the condition progresses into the later (cold shock) phase, tissue perfusion becomes severely inadequate and the skin becomes cool, clammy, and urine output decreases. The nurse must recognize these signs early to initiate fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy promptly.