— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位處於急性腎損傷少尿期的病患，護理師應優先關注何種電解質不平衡？
A client is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse prioritize?
- AHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀症
- BHypernatremia高血鈉症
- CHypocalcemia低血鈣症
- DHypomagnesemia低血鎂症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎損傷（Acute Kidney Injury, AKI）的少尿期（Oliguric phase）意味著腎臟排泄廢物與電解質的功能受到嚴重抑制。其中，高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）是最致命的併發症，因為鉀離子在血液中堆積會直接影響心肌電生理，導致致命性心律不整（如心室顫動）。護理師必須密切監測病人的電解質數值與心電圖變化，並採取限制攝取含鉀食物等預防措施。
In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium effectively, leading to hyperkalemia. This electrolyte imbalance is the highest priority because elevated potassium levels can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias.