— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為一位思覺失調症個案進行心理狀態評估。下列何者屬於該疾患的「正性症狀」？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a mental status assessment on a client with schizophrenia. Which findings indicate positive symptoms of the disorder? (Select all that apply.)
- AAuditory hallucinations✓ 正解聽覺幻覺
- BAvolition意志缺乏
- CDelusions of grandeur✓ 正解誇大妄想
- DDisorganized speech✓ 正解言語紊亂
- ESocial withdrawal社交退縮
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
思覺失調症的正性症狀是指病理性的額外表現，包含幻覺、妄想、紊亂的言語或行為。而負性症狀則是指心理功能的缺失，如冷漠（Avolition）、社會退縮、情感平淡。正確選項包含幻聽、誇大妄想及言語紊亂，這些皆為增加性的症狀表現。
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia represent an excess or distortion of normal functions, including auditory hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. In contrast, negative symptoms involve deficits such as avolition and social withdrawal, which are not present in the correct options.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對正負性症狀定義一致，但在台灣精神科護理中，常強調對個案「功能復健」的評估，不只是症狀觀察。