護理師正為一位即將進行擇期大腸鏡檢查的病人做準備。在程序開始前，護理師必須完成哪些任務？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is preparing a client for an elective colonoscopy. Which tasks are necessary for the nurse to complete prior to the procedure? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify that the informed consent form is signed✓ 正解確認知情同意書已簽署
- BEnsure the client has been NPO for at least 8 hours✓ 正解確保病人已禁食至少8小時
- CConfirm the client has completed the prescribed bowel preparation✓ 正解確認病人已完成處方之腸道準備
- DAdminister a dose of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics給予預防性靜脈注射抗生素
- ECheck that the client has removed all jewelry and metal objects✓ 正解檢查病人是否已移除所有珠寶和金屬物品
大腸鏡檢查前的準備重點在於確保安全、能見度與預防吸入風險。確認手術同意書（A）是法律與倫理的首要步驟。維持 NPO（B）是為了防止在鎮靜過程中發生誤吸。腸道準備（C）如服用清腸劑，直接影響醫師對腸壁病變的辨識能力，若清腸不乾淨可能導致檢查失敗或遺漏病灶。移除飾品（E）是標準術前安全檢查，防止在使用電燒設備時發生電灼傷。至於抗生素（D），大腸鏡檢查通常不需要預防性抗生素，除非病人有瓣膜心臟病等特定高風險情況，並非所有病人的標準術前任務。此題考驗護理師對檢查前減少風險步驟的全面掌握。
Pre-procedure preparation for a colonoscopy involves verifying informed consent, ensuring NPO status to prevent aspiration, and confirming adequate bowel preparation for clear visualization. Additionally, removing jewelry and metal objects is a standard safety precaution, especially if electrocautery is used. Prophylactic antibiotics are not routinely indicated unless specific risk factors exist.
在美國，護理師負責最終的 Safety Checklist 確認，若同意書未簽署或清腸不全有權延後檢查；台灣臨床上，清腸確認有時較依賴病人口述，護理師需更主動觀察排泄物性質以降低重做風險。