— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 25 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，主訴心悸與顫抖。護理師首要採取哪項措施？
A 25-year-old client with generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic complaining of palpitations and trembling. Which initial action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- AEncourage the client to talk about their childhood experiences鼓勵個案談論其童年經驗
- BAsk the client to explain the specific triggers for the anxiety請個案說明焦慮的具體誘因
- CInstruct the client to perform deep breathing exercises✓ 正解指示個案進行深呼吸運動
- DAdminister the prescribed PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方之備用抗焦慮藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
面對焦慮急性期發作，降低生理亢奮狀態為優先處理目標。深呼吸練習能直接對抗交感神經活性，幫助病人恢復冷靜。過早進行認知探討或尋找觸發點可能會使焦慮情緒升級，藥物治療通常是在非藥物干預效果有限時才考慮的選項。
During an acute anxiety episode, the nurse should prioritize interventions that reduce physiological arousal, such as instructing the client to perform deep breathing exercises. This technique helps decrease sympathetic nervous system activity and promotes immediate relaxation, whereas exploring triggers or past trauma may exacerbate distress.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台護理師均強調非藥物干預優先，但在台灣醫療環境中，護理師更常被要求給予 PRN 安眠或鎮靜藥物以減輕病人焦慮。