護理師照顧一位阿茲海默症病人，其在傍晚時分變得日益躁動。哪些護理措施有助於管理「日落症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with Alzheimer's disease who becomes increasingly agitated in the evening. Which nursing interventions can help manage 'sundowning'? (Select all that apply.)
- ATurn on the lights before it gets dark✓ 正解在天黑前打開燈光
- BProvide a complex activity to keep the client busy提供複雜的活動讓病人打發時間
- CMaintain a consistent daily routine✓ 正解維持一致的每日作息
- DLimit caffeine intake in the afternoon✓ 正解限制下午攝取咖啡因
- EMinimize noise and clutter in the environment✓ 正解減少環境中的噪音和雜物
管理日落症候群的重點是減少混亂與過度刺激。提前開燈（A）可減少陰影產生的幻覺；維持常規（C）可增加安全感；限用咖啡因（D）可預防睡眠干擾；減少噪音（E）可降低焦慮。複雜活動（B）會增加病人的挫折感與負擔，反而加劇躁動。
The key to managing sundowning is to reduce confusion and overstimulation. Turning on the lights before dark (A) reduces shadows that may be misinterpreted as hallucinations; maintaining a consistent routine (C) increases the client's sense of security; limiting caffeine (D) prevents sleep disturbance; and minimizing noise (E) decreases anxiety. Complex activities (B) increase frustration and cognitive burden, which actually worsen agitation.
美國長期照護非常強調「無藥物介入」（Non-pharmacological intervention）優先；台灣則較常使用抗精神病藥物輔助控制。