一位外科專科護理師正為全院制定一項關於術後深層靜脈栓塞 (DVT) 管理的新草案。在制定此草案時，『實證醫學護理 (Evidence-Based Practice, EBP)』的首要焦點是什麼？
A surgical clinical nurse specialist develops a new hospital-wide protocol regarding the management of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What is the primary focus of evidence-based practice (EBP) in developing this protocol?
- AMandating strict rigid compliance with historical hospital policies effectively unchanged since the 1990s.強制嚴格遵守自 1990 年代以來未曾改變的醫院舊有政策。
- BPolling senior physicians extensively to record their preferred habitual traditional routines.廣泛徵詢資深醫師意見，記錄他們偏好的常規傳統做法。
- CReducing the total immediate financial expenditures required clearly by the nursing department.明顯減少護理部門所需的總立即財務支出。
- DSynthesizing current top-tier clinical research with patient preferences and clinical expertise.✓ 正解將當前頂尖的臨床研究與病人偏好及臨床專業知識進行綜合。
本題測試 EBP (實證醫學) 的黃金三角定義。Evidence-based practice 從來不僅僅是查論文，它的核心是由三個支柱組成的：『最好的當代研究證據 (Best research evidence)』、『臨床專家的經驗 (Clinical expertise)』以及『病患的價值觀與偏好 (Patient values/preferences)』。只有三者結合才是真正的實證護理（選 D 正確）。B 是行政管理。C 只是調查傳統習慣，往往是錯誤的落後醫療。D 堅持不變的古老政策與實證醫學追求更新的理念背道而馳。
Evidence-based practice integrates the best available current research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and preferences to guide decision-making. Relying solely on outdated policies, personal habits, or cost reduction ignores the core triad of EBP, which prioritizes scientifically validated care tailored to individual patient needs.
EBP (實證護理) 的三元素：論文證據、專家經驗、病患喜好。三者缺一不可。