護理師為病人執行一項新藥醫囑，下列哪項行動展現了適當的病人權益維護（Advocacy）？
A client has been prescribed a new medication. Which nursing action demonstrates appropriate client advocacy?
- AEnsuring the medication is documented in the chart確保藥物已記錄於病歷中
- BTeaching the client about potential side effects向病人說明潛在副作用
- CQuestioning the prescription if the client reports an allergy to a similar medication✓ 正解若病人報告對類似藥物過敏，則質疑該醫囑
- DAdministering the medication exactly as ordered完全按照醫囑給藥
病人權益維護（Advocacy）是護理師的核心職責，意指作為病人的代言人，在醫療決策中確保病人的安全與權益不受損害。當護理師發現醫囑可能對病人造成直接危害（如已知過敏藥物），不能僅僅因為這是醫師的醫囑而盲目執行。護理師必須行使專業判斷，暫停給藥並與醫師釐清或修正醫囑，這是防止醫療錯誤與維護病人安全的第一道防線。
Client advocacy involves acting as the patient's representative to ensure safety and protect their rights during healthcare decisions. When a nurse identifies a potential harm, such as administering a medication to a client with a known allergy, they must question the prescription rather than executing it blindly. This professional judgment serves as a critical safeguard against medical errors and prioritizes patient well-being over strict adherence to orders.
在美國臨床環境中，護理師對於懷疑的醫囑直接挑戰（Challenge）醫師是被鼓勵且受法律保護的，這屬於「不服從」（Professional insubordination）的範疇，旨在保護病人安全。相較之下，台灣文化中護理師較常採取委婉溝通，但在 NCLEX 考試中，必須果斷選擇保護病人安全的行動。