— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照護一位疑似結核病的病人。應執行哪些預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which precautions should the nurse initiate? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the client in a private room with negative pressure airflow✓ 正解將病患安置於具有負壓氣流的私人病房
- BEnsure all staff members wear a N95 respirator✓ 正解確保所有工作人員佩戴 N95 呼吸器
- CImplement contact precautions for all visitors對所有訪客實施接觸隔離措施
- DRequire the client to wear a surgical mask during transport✓ 正解要求病患在轉運期間佩戴外科口罩
- ELimit the number of staff members entering the room限制進入病房的工作人員數量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
結核病經由空氣傳播，須嚴格執行空氣隔離（Airborne Precautions）。負壓病房與 N95 口罩能阻隔微小結核菌核。病人若需移動，必須戴外科口罩以減少病原散布。接觸隔離非結核病之主要防疫措施，不需對訪客執行。
Tuberculosis requires airborne precautions, including placing the client in a negative-pressure room and ensuring staff wear N95 respirators. Additionally, the client should wear a surgical mask during transport to minimize the spread of infectious droplets to others.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 CDC 針對結核病有嚴格的轉診通報與追蹤機制，台灣則結合疾管署（CDC）進行接觸者追蹤與潛伏感染治療。