— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
憂鬱症個案出現哪些徵兆代表其自殺風險增加？（選所有適合的）
Which signs or symptoms indicate that a patient with depression is at increased risk for suicide? (Select all that apply.)
- AGiving away personal belongings✓ 正解贈送個人物品
- BSudden improvement in mood✓ 正解情緒突然改善
- CIncreased social isolation社交孤立增加
- DVerbalizing hopelessness✓ 正解表達絕望感
- EExcessive sleeping during the day白天過度睡眠
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
自殺風險評估重點在於行為改變。突然的心情好轉常是因為個案已決定採取行動而感到釋懷。贈送私人物品代表交待後事，表達絕望感是自殺意念的直接指標。雖然孤獨感與嗜睡與憂鬱有關，但前三者對於評估自殺威脅的特異性更高。
Suicide risk assessment focuses on behavioral changes indicating imminent danger. Sudden mood improvement may signal relief after deciding to commit suicide, while giving away possessions suggests final preparations. Verbalizing hopelessness is a direct indicator of suicidal intent, whereas isolation and hypersomnia are less specific.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理教育極度重視「自殺評估量表」的標準化操作，台灣則傾向臨床經驗判斷與家屬觀察回報。