一位 45 歲診斷為廣泛性焦慮症的客戶，表示感到持續壓迫且無法專注。護理師應優先採取的介入措施為何？
A 45-year-old client diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) expresses feeling constantly overwhelmed and unable to concentrate. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize first?
- ARefer the client to a support group轉介病人至支持團體
- BEncourage the client to verbalize their feelings鼓勵病人表達其感受
- CAdminister an anxiolytic medication給予抗焦慮藥物
- DTeach the client deep breathing exercises✓ 正解教導病人深呼吸運動
廣泛性焦慮症（GAD）會導致病人的交感神經長期處於亢奮狀態，表現為無法專注、過度擔心與身體不適。首要介入應是幫助病人恢復生理冷靜，深呼吸練習（Deep breathing）能直接刺激迷走神經，啟動副交感神經系統，這是減緩生理性焦慮最快速且有效的非藥物介入。生理穩定後，病人才能進行心理諮商或接受相關教育。
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) causes the patient's sympathetic nervous system to remain chronically hyperactive, manifesting as inability to concentrate, excessive worry, and somatic discomfort. The first-line intervention should aim to help the patient regain physiological calm. Deep breathing exercises directly stimulate the vagus nerve and activate the parasympathetic nervous system, making them the fastest and most effective non-pharmacological intervention for relieving physiological anxiety. Only after physiological stabilization can the patient meaningfully engage in psychological counseling or related education.