住院病人出現失眠問題。護理師應將哪些措施納入護理計畫？（選所有適合的）
A client is experiencing insomnia while hospitalized. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AMinimize noise and light during night hours✓ 正解在夜間減少噪音和光線
- BSchedule medications to avoid interruptions at night✓ 正解安排用藥時間以避免夜間干擾
- CProvide a warm beverage before bedtime睡前提供溫熱飲料
- DCluster nursing care activities✓ 正解集中護理活動
- EEncourage daytime napping to recover energy鼓勵白天小睡以恢復體力
住院病人的睡眠環境管理對於康復至關重要。護理措施應包括：1. 創造安靜與黑暗環境；2. 集中護理活動（Clustering care）以減少干擾；3. 優化給藥時間以避免夜間喚醒。白天睡覺會干擾夜間睡眠週期，應予以限制。熱飲可能含咖啡因或造成夜尿，非標準護理措施。護理師應評估並調整病房環境以促進睡眠品質。
Management of the sleep environment for hospitalized clients is critical to recovery. Nursing measures should include: 1. creating a quiet and dark environment; 2. clustering care to minimize disruption; 3. optimizing medication timing to avoid nighttime awakenings. Daytime sleeping disrupts the nighttime sleep cycle and should be restricted. Hot beverages may contain caffeine or cause nocturia and are not a standard nursing measure. The nurse should assess and modify the room environment to promote sleep quality.