護理師教導糖尿病病人足部護理。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a diabetic client about foot care. Which instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AWash feet daily with mild soap and warm water✓ 正解每天用溫和肥皂和溫水洗腳
- BApply lotion between the toes to keep them moist在腳趾間塗抹乳液以保持濕潤
- CInspect the bottom of the feet using a mirror✓ 正解使用鏡子檢查足底
- DCut toenails in a rounded shape close to the skin將趾甲修剪成貼近皮膚的圓弧形
- EAvoid walking barefoot, even indoors✓ 正解避免赤腳行走，即使在室內
糖尿病病人由於長期高血糖的影響，容易併發周邊神經病變（peripheral neuropathy）和周邊血管疾病（peripheral vascular disease），導致足部感覺遲鈍、血液循環不良，進而增加足部受傷、感染和潰瘍的風險。因此，護理師教導糖尿病病人進行日常足部護理是預防嚴重併發症（如截肢）的關鍵。這些衛教內容著重於每日檢查、保持清潔乾燥、穿著適當鞋襪以及避免自行處理足部問題，旨在賦予病人自我照護的能力，及早發現並處理足部問題，以維護足部健康。
Patients with diabetes are prone to peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease as a result of long-standing hyperglycemia, leading to diminished sensation and poor circulation in the feet and an increased risk of foot trauma, infection, and ulceration. For this reason, teaching diabetic patients about daily foot care is critical for preventing serious complications such as amputation. This patient education focuses on daily inspection, keeping the feet clean and dry, wearing appropriate shoes and socks, and avoiding self-treatment of foot problems, with the goal of empowering the patient in self-care so that foot problems are identified and managed early and foot health is preserved.
糖尿病足部護理的原則在台灣和美國是高度一致的。兩地都強調每日足部檢查、正確清洗、穿著適當鞋襪、避免赤腳，以及不自行修剪趾甲（尤其是高風險病人）。在美國，足病醫生（Podiatrist）在糖尿病足照護中扮演更明確且獨立的角色，負責足部疾病的診斷、治療和預防，包括趾甲修剪和胼胝處理。台灣雖也有足部護理師或糖尿病衛教師提供類似服務，但專科足病醫生的普及性與獨立執業範圍可能有所不同。