病人術後 2 小時反應疼痛，哪種非藥物護理措施最能協助病人放鬆？

核心概念：非藥物性疼痛緩解（non-pharmacological pain relief）與放鬆技巧。 為何正確答案對： A. 鼓勵病人聽柔和的音樂（Encourage the client to listen to soft music）：音樂治療（music therapy）是一種有效的非藥物性疼痛管理策略。柔和的音樂可以幫助轉移病人的注意力（distraction），降低焦慮感（anxiety），促使身體放鬆，進而減輕對疼痛的感知。這是一種安全、非侵入性且病人通常容易接受的方法。 為何其他選項錯： B. 向病人解釋疼痛是預期的：雖然讓病人了解術後疼痛是正常的可以減輕其焦慮，但這本身並不能直接緩解疼痛或促進放鬆。解釋疼痛是預期的，更像是提供資訊，而非積極的疼痛緩解措施。 C. 要求病人走廊散步：對於術後兩小時的病人，其疼痛程度可能使其難以或不適合立即下床活動。雖然適度的早期活動有益於恢復，但在病人主訴顯著疼痛時，要求其散步可能加劇不適，而非促進放鬆。 D. 回顧病人過去的疼痛病史：了解過去的疼痛病史有助於護理師全面評估病人的疼痛模式和應對方式，但這並非直接的疼痛緩解或放鬆措施。它是一個評估環節，而非介入措施。 臨床思路：此題考量「基本照護與舒適」（Basic Care & Comfort）領域，重點在於疼痛管理。雖然病人術後疼痛通常會給予止痛藥物，但題目要求的是「非藥物」措施，且目標是「協助放鬆」。在病人感到疼痛時，轉移注意力、放鬆身心是重要的輔助策略。音樂治療因其普遍的接受度和有效性，成為此情境下的最佳選項。

Core concept: Non-pharmacological pain relief and relaxation techniques. Why the correct answer is correct: A. Encourage the client to listen to soft music: Music therapy is an effective non-pharmacological pain management strategy. Soft music can help shift the patient's attention (distraction), reduce anxiety, promote bodily relaxation, and thereby alleviate the perception of pain. It is a safe, non-invasive method that is generally easy for patients to accept. Why the other options are wrong: B. Explaining to the patient that the pain is expected: Although helping the patient understand that postoperative pain is normal can reduce anxiety, this alone does not directly relieve pain or promote relaxation. Explaining that the pain is expected is more about providing information than actively relieving pain. C. Asking the patient to walk in the corridor: For a patient only two hours postoperative, the level of pain may make immediate ambulation difficult or inappropriate. Although moderate early activity is beneficial for recovery, asking the patient to walk while in significant pain may worsen discomfort rather than promote relaxation. D. Reviewing the patient's past pain history: Understanding past pain history can help the nurse thoroughly assess the patient's pain patterns and coping strategies, but it is not a direct pain-relief or relaxation measure. It is an assessment step, not an intervention. Clinical reasoning: This question concerns the domain of 'Basic Care and Comfort,' with a focus on pain management. Although postoperative patients are typically given analgesics, this question asks about 'non-pharmacological' measures, with the goal of 'promoting relaxation.' When a patient is in pain, distraction and relaxation are important adjunctive strategies. Music therapy, due to its broad acceptability and effectiveness, is the best option in this scenario.