護理師照護一位曾有壓瘡病史的病人，下列哪項措施能有效預防壓瘡復發？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of pressure injuries. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent recurrence?
- AReposition the client every 4 hours每 4 小時為病人翻身
- BMaintain a high-protein, calorie-dense diet✓ 正解維持高蛋白、高熱量的飲食
- CMassage the reddened bony prominences按摩發紅的骨突出部位
- DKeep the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees將床頭抬高至 45 度
壓瘡（Pressure Injury）的復發預防核心在於改善組織灌流與維持皮膚完整性。營養支持是組織修復的基石，蛋白質與熱量不足會導致負氮平衡，延緩傷口癒合並降低皮膚抗壓能力。臨床上，除營養評估外，減壓策略（如每 2 小時翻身）與避免剪力（Shearing force）均為標準照護指引。按摩骨突處已證實會導致皮下微血管損傷與組織發炎，故應嚴格禁止。
Maintaining a high-protein, calorie-dense diet is essential to prevent pressure injury recurrence because adequate nutrition supports tissue repair and skin integrity. Protein deficiency leads to negative nitrogen balance, which delays wound healing and reduces the skin's resistance to pressure. While repositioning is necessary, it should occur every 2 hours rather than every 4 hours.
美國臨床極度強調 Braden Scale 評估與營養師（RD）的介入，護理師需精確記錄並執行營養照護計畫，這與台灣臨床有時僅依賴醫師醫囑的模式略有不同。