護理師正在照護一位腎結石阻塞後恢復的病人。哪項發現提示可能發生了阻塞後利尿（post-obstructive diuresis）的併發症？
A nurse is providing care to a client recovering from a kidney stone blockage. Which finding indicates a potential complication of post-obstructive diuresis?
- AIncreased urine output尿量增加
- BResolution of flank pain側腹疼痛緩解
- CDecreased serum creatinine血清肌酸酐下降
- DElectrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia)✓ 正解電解質失衡（例如：低血鉀）
阻塞後利尿是腎臟在解除阻塞後，體內積聚的過多水分和溶質被快速排出。這可能導致嚴重的電解質紊亂，尤其是低血鉀（hypokalemia）和低血鈉（hyponatremia）。雖然尿量增加和肌酐酸下降是利尿過程的一部分，但電解質失衡是需要警惕的併發症。
Post-obstructive diuresis occurs when the kidneys rapidly excrete the excess water and solutes that have accumulated in the body after relief of obstruction. This may lead to severe electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia and hyponatremia. Although increased urine output and a decreasing creatinine are part of the diuretic process, electrolyte imbalance is the complication that requires vigilance.
美國的泌尿科會強調對阻塞後利尿病人的精確液體與電解質監測；台灣也重視此點，但對電解質異常的預防與處置，可能因臨床經驗與藥物可及性而有差異。