護理師評估一位曾遭遇創傷事件的個案。下列哪些發現顯示個案可能出現創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的症狀？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client who has experienced a traumatic event. Which of the following findings indicate the client might be experiencing symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlashbacks of the traumatic event✓ 正解創傷事件的閃回
- BIncreased interest in activities previously enjoyed對過去喜愛的活動興趣增加
- CPersistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma✓ 正解持續避免與創傷相關的刺激
- DExaggerated startle response✓ 正解誇張的驚嚇反應
- EDifficulty concentrating and memory gaps regarding the event✓ 正解難以集中注意力，且對該事件有記憶缺失
PTSD 的核心特徵包括重新體驗創傷（re-experiencing）、逃避（avoidance）、負面認知與情緒改變、以及過度警覺（hyperarousal）。這些反應顯示個案的交感神經系統處於高度敏感狀態。護理師評估時應採取同理心，避免誘導個案過度回憶創傷細節，並優先評估其自傷或傷人的風險，確保心理安全。
Core features of PTSD include re-experiencing the trauma, avoidance, negative changes in cognition and mood, and hyperarousal. These responses indicate that the patient's sympathetic nervous system is highly sensitized. During assessment, the nurse should approach the patient with empathy, avoid inducing the patient to over-recall trauma details, and prioritize assessing the risk of self-harm or harm to others to ensure psychological safety.