一名有廣泛性焦慮症病史的 45 歲病人出現呼吸急促與顫抖，並說「我覺得我要死了」。護理師應採取的第一個介入措施為何？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing and trembling. The client says, 'I feel like I am going to die.' Which initial intervention is best?
- AInstruct the client to breathe slowly with the nurse✓ 正解指導病人與護理師一起緩慢呼吸
- BLeave the client alone to reduce environmental stimuli讓病人獨處以減少環境刺激
- CEncourage the client to discuss the underlying cause of fear鼓勵病人討論恐懼的根本原因
- DAdminister an ordered PRN sedative medication給予處方中的 PRN 鎮靜藥物
面對急性焦慮發作，優先處理生理症狀以恢復穩定。引導式呼吸（pursed-lip breathing）能有效降低交感神經興奮，緩解過度換氣帶來的生理不適，這是非藥物的第一線處置。給藥應視為輔助而非首選，且不應讓病人獨處，以免加重焦慮感或發生危險。
For acute anxiety attacks, addressing the physiological symptoms first restores stability. Guided breathing (such as pursed-lip breathing) effectively reduces sympathetic arousal and alleviates the physiologic discomfort of hyperventilation; this is the first-line non-pharmacological intervention. Medication should be considered as an adjunct rather than the first choice, and the client should not be left alone, as that may worsen anxiety or lead to harm.
美國護理師在心理衛生領域有更多處置權限（如調整環境），台灣則常傾向於先請醫師評估給藥。