護理師準備經由鼻胃管為病人給藥。為了確保用藥安全，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication via a nasogastric tube to a client. Which actions are appropriate to ensure safety? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck the pH of the gastric aspirate✓ 正解檢測胃吸出液的 pH 值
- BFlush the tube with water before and after each medication✓ 正解每次給藥前後以水沖洗管路
- CCrush all medications together to save time將所有藥物磨碎混合以節省時間
- DVerify tube placement using an X-ray if initial assessment is unclear✓ 正解若初始評估不明確，使用 X 光確認管路位置
- EPosition the client in a supine position during administration給藥期間將病人置於仰臥姿勢
經鼻胃管給藥需嚴格遵守預防吸入性肺炎與管路堵塞的原則。pH值檢測是確認位置的輔助方式，必要時應照 X 光確認。給藥前後務必以水沖洗管路以防堵塞。每種藥物應分開研磨與給予，不可混在一起以免交互作用。給藥時應採半坐臥位以防逆流，不可平躺。
Administering medications via nasogastric tube must strictly follow principles to prevent aspiration pneumonia and tube occlusion. pH testing is an adjunctive method for confirming placement; X-ray confirmation should be performed when necessary. The tube must be flushed with water before and after medication administration to prevent occlusion. Each medication should be crushed and given separately, not mixed together, to avoid interactions. During administration, the patient should be in a semi-Fowler position to prevent reflux and must not lie flat.
台灣臨床護理因管路照護品質標準化，對管路沖洗之紀錄要求比美國更為嚴格。