— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備給予病人靜脈注射氯化鉀（KCl），哪項行動對預防傷害至關重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride to a client. Which action is essential to prevent risk of harm?
- AEnsure the medication is diluted according to facility protocol✓ 正解確保藥物依機構規範稀釋
- BInfuse the medication through a peripheral line if central access is unavailable若無中心靜脈通路，則通過末梢靜脈輸注藥物
- CCheck the client's blood pressure prior to administration給藥前檢查病人的血壓
- DAdminister the potassium as a rapid IV bolus快速靜脈推注鉀離子
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有極強的刺激性與致命風險，絕不可直接靜脈推注（IV bolus）。必須確實稀釋並使用輸液幫浦控制滴速，以防止靜脈炎或心律不整。醫療機構通常設有嚴格的給藥濃度限制，護理師需在給藥前確認濃度是否安全，確保病人生命安全。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating and potentially lethal and must never be given as a direct IV bolus. It must be diluted and administered via an infusion pump with controlled rate to prevent phlebitis and dysrhythmias. Healthcare institutions usually set strict concentration limits, and the nurse must verify that the concentration is safe before administration to ensure patient safety.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，KCl 稀釋比例與給藥途徑有極嚴謹的給藥清單；台灣亦同，但護理師需確認醫囑濃度未超出安全範圍。