護理師指導一位新診斷第一型糖尿病的病人，應包含哪些衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate insulin injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy✓ 正解輪替胰島素注射部位，以防止脂肪營養不良
- BEat a snack if blood glucose is below 70 mg/dL✓ 正解若血糖低於 70 mg/dL，請吃點心
- CCheck blood glucose levels before every meal and at bedtime✓ 正解在每餐前及睡前監測血糖水平
- DDiscontinue insulin if you are feeling ill若感到不適，請停止注射胰島素
- ECarry a source of fast-acting carbohydrates at all times✓ 正解隨時攜帶快速作用的碳水化合物來源
第一型糖尿病需終身胰島素治療，衛教重點為防止併發症與處理低血糖。輪替注射部位預防脂肪增生、監測血糖、備妥速效醣類以應對低血糖皆為核心內容。低血糖 <70 mg/dL 需補醣。錯誤：生病時不能停藥，反因壓力影響血糖更需監測與調整，停用胰島素極易導致糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）。
Nursing education for type 1 diabetes includes rotating injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy, checking blood glucose before meals and at bedtime, and carrying fast-acting carbohydrates to treat hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is defined as blood glucose below 70 mg/dL and requires immediate intervention with sugar. Insulin should never be discontinued during illness, as stress hormones can raise blood glucose and increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.
美國護理師常教導病人使用 CGM（連續血糖監測），台灣目前亦開始推廣，兩者衛教目標趨同。