護理師正在收納一位出現陰性症狀的思覺失調症病人，何種症狀最能代表陰性症狀？
A nurse is admitting a client with schizophrenia who is experiencing negative symptoms. Which symptom is most characteristic of negative symptoms?
- AHallucinations幻覺
- BDisorganized thinking思維混亂
- CDelusions妄想
- DAvolition (lack of motivation)✓ 正解意志缺乏（缺乏動機）
思覺失調症（Schizophrenia）症狀分為陽性與陰性。陽性症狀是「額外」增加的異常功能，如幻覺與妄想；陰性症狀則是正常心理功能的「缺失」。意志力缺乏（Avolition）代表病人缺乏發起與維持目標導向活動的動力，是陰性症狀的核心表現。臨床上，陰性症狀比陽性症狀更難治療，且嚴重影響病人的社交與職業功能，需透過行為治療與藥物介入來改善。
Symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are 'added' abnormal functions, such as hallucinations and delusions; negative symptoms are 'deficits' of normal psychological functioning. Avolition refers to the lack of motivation to initiate and sustain goal-directed activity and is a core manifestation of negative symptoms. Clinically, negative symptoms are more difficult to treat than positive symptoms and seriously affect the client's social and occupational functioning, requiring behavioral therapy and medication to manage.