下列哪些是針對高吸入風險病人的適當護理措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are appropriate interventions for a client with a high risk for aspiration? (Select all that apply.)
- AProviding thin liquids like water提供清水等稀薄液體
- BEncouraging the 'chin-tuck' maneuver while swallowing✓ 正解鼓勵吞嚥時採取「收下巴」動作
- CInspecting the mouth for 'pocketing' after meals✓ 正解餐後檢查口腔是否有「食物殘留」
- DKeeping the head of the bed elevated for 30-60 minutes after eating✓ 正解餐後將床頭抬高 30-60 分鐘
- EUsing a straw to speed up drinking使用吸管以加快飲用速度
對於有高吸入風險（high risk for aspiration）的病人，護理措施的核心目標是預防食物、液體或胃內容物進入氣道，以免引起吸入性肺炎（aspiration pneumonia）或其他呼吸道併發症。這需要護理師細心評估病人的吞嚥能力，並實施一系列物理性與行為性的預防策略。這些策略包括調整進食姿勢、監測口腔衛生、以及確保餐後維持適當體位，以利用重力原理減少吸入的機會。透過這些綜合性的照護，能顯著提升病人的進食安全，保護其呼吸道健康。
For clients at high risk for aspiration, the core nursing goal is to prevent food, liquids, or gastric contents from entering the airway, in order to prevent aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory complications. This requires the nurse to carefully assess the client's swallowing ability and implement a range of physical and behavioral prevention strategies. These include adjusting feeding posture, monitoring oral hygiene, and maintaining proper positioning after meals to use gravity to decrease aspiration. Through such comprehensive care, the safety of feeding can be markedly improved and the client's respiratory health protected.