護理師教導病人自我注射胰島素，哪些是關鍵安全點？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which are key safety points? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck expiration date✓ 正解檢查有效期限
- BClean injection site with alcohol✓ 正解用酒精清潔注射部位
- CAlways discard needle after one use✓ 正解每次使用後均丟棄針頭
- DRotate injection sites✓ 正解輪替注射部位
- EUse the same injection site every time每次都使用相同的注射部位
胰島素自我注射的安全管理核心在於維持藥物活性、預防感染及保護皮下組織。過期藥物可能失效或變質；注射部位消毒可降低皮膚細菌帶入皮下的風險；針頭重複使用會導致針尖鈍化，增加疼痛及皮下脂肪增生（Lipohypertrophy）風險，影響吸收速率；輪替注射部位則是預防組織纖維化的關鍵。護理師應確保病人理解這些基礎操作，以維持血糖控制的穩定性。
The core of safe self-administration of insulin is maintaining drug activity, preventing infection, and protecting subcutaneous tissue. Expired medication may be inactive or degraded; disinfecting the injection site reduces the risk of introducing skin bacteria into the subcutaneous tissue; reusing a needle dulls the tip, increasing pain and the risk of lipohypertrophy that alters absorption; and rotating injection sites is key to preventing tissue fibrosis. The nurse should ensure that the client understands these fundamental practices to maintain stable glycemic control.