— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人血鉀濃度為 6.2 mEq/L，出現高鉀血症。護理師預期心電圖會出現何種變化？
A client is experiencing hyperkalemia with a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which electrocardiogram (ECG) change does the nurse anticipate?
- ATall, peaked T waves✓ 正解高大尖銳的 T 波
- BFlattened T waves平坦的 T 波
- CShortened QT interval縮短的 QT 間期
- DProminent U waves明顯的 U 波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀會導致心肌去極化與再極化異常，經典心電圖變化為高尖 T 波，嚴重時會出現 PR 間期延長、QRS 波變寬與 P 波消失。B、D、C 選項常見於低血鉀症。持續監測病人心律並準備給予鉀離子排泄藥物是照護重點。
Hyperkalemia affects cardiac conduction by altering myocardial repolarization, leading to characteristic tall, peaked T waves on the electrocardiogram. Other findings such as flattened T waves or prominent U waves are typically associated with hypokalemia, while a shortened QT interval is linked to hypercalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於高血鉀處置皆遵循 ACLS 指引，緊急情況下護理師皆需準備鈣離子輸注以保護心肌。