護理師照顧一位拒絕輸血的病人。護理師首要採取的行動為何？
A nurse is caring for a client who refuses a scheduled blood transfusion. What is the nurse's priority action?
- AAsk the client's family to convince them to accept the blood請家屬說服病患接受輸血
- BExplain that the transfusion is necessary to sustain life說明輸血對維持生命是必要的
- CDiscuss the risks of refusing the blood transfusion with the client✓ 正解與病患討論拒絕輸血的風險
- DContact the physician to inform them of the client's refusal聯絡醫師告知病患拒絕輸血
自主權是護理倫理的核心。護理師應先釐清病人拒絕的原因，並確保病人充分理解拒絕輸血可能導致的生命危險或治療困難，即「知情同意」的完整過程。在確認病人已獲得足夠資訊後，若仍堅持拒絕，則需通知醫師執行後續法律文件簽署。
Autonomy is a core principle of nursing ethics. The nurse should first clarify the client's reasons for refusing the transfusion and ensure that the client fully understands the potential life-threatening consequences and treatment difficulties associated with refusal—that is, the complete process of informed consent. Once it is confirmed that the client has received adequate information, if the client still refuses, the nurse should then notify the physician so that appropriate legal documentation can be completed.
美國對於宗教信仰拒絕輸血（如耶和華見證人）有極嚴謹的文書作業；台灣臨床上則常需簽署拒絕輸血聲明書並報備主管機關。