護理師協助一位活動受限的病人從床上移位至椅子。護理師應運用哪項人體工學原則？
A nurse is assisting a client with limited mobility to transfer from the bed to a chair. Which principle of body mechanics should the nurse use?
- AHold the client at arm's length to avoid contact.將病人保持在手臂伸直距離以避免接觸。
- BBend at the knees and use leg muscles.✓ 正解彎曲膝蓋並使用腿部肌肉。
- CTwist the waist when moving the client.移動病人時扭轉腰部。
- DKeep the feet close together for stability.將雙腳併攏以維持穩定。
運用正確的人體工學（Body Mechanics）原則能顯著降低護理人員職業性背部損傷的風險。核心原則包括：將重心保持在支撐基底內、彎曲膝蓋使用強壯的腿部肌群（而非背部肌肉）、保持背部平直、將病人靠近自己的身體以減少力矩，以及避免扭轉軀幹。移位時應以移動雙腳的方式改變方向，保護脊椎不受扭轉力傷害。這是護理工作中最基礎但也最關鍵的安全措施。
Applying proper principles of body mechanics significantly reduces the nurse's risk of occupational back injury. Core principles include: keeping the center of gravity within the base of support; bending the knees to use the strong leg muscles (rather than the back muscles); keeping the back straight; holding the patient close to the body to reduce torque; and avoiding twisting of the trunk. When changing direction during a transfer, the nurse should move the feet rather than twist the spine, protecting the spine from torsional stress. This is the most basic but also the most critical safety measure in nursing practice.