— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位術前禁食（NPO）的病人，病人主訴口乾。哪項護理介入是適當的？
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. The client complains of dry mouth. What is an appropriate intervention?
- AProvide frequent oral care with moistened swabs✓ 正解提供頻繁的口腔護理，使用濕潤的海綿棒
- BApply a petroleum-based lip balm塗抹石油基質的護唇膏
- CAllow the client to sip small amounts of water允許客戶小口喝水
- DAdminister an IV fluid bolus給予靜脈輸液衝刺
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
NPO 病人無法進食飲水，口腔黏膜易乾燥。使用濕潤的海綿棒進行口腔護理可緩解不適，同時維持口腔衛生，且不會造成液體攝入的風險。喝水違反 NPO 原則，IV bolus 需有醫囑且過於激進，石油類護唇膏可能被病人吸入。
An NPO patient cannot eat or drink, and the oral mucosa easily becomes dry. Performing oral care with a moistened sponge swab relieves discomfort while maintaining oral hygiene without posing a risk of fluid intake. Drinking water violates the NPO order, an IV bolus requires a physician's order and is overly aggressive, and petroleum-based lip balm may be aspirated by the patient.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆嚴格執行術前 NPO。美國近年對於術前禁食時間已有縮短（針對清流質）的趨勢，台灣臨床多仍較保守。