急診室中，下列哪些分流情況需要立即處理？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following triage scenarios in the emergency department requires immediate attention? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with a broken finger reporting mild pain手指骨折且主訴輕微疼痛的病人
- BA client with acute crushing chest pain radiating to the jaw✓ 正解急性壓迫性胸痛並放射至下顎的病人
- CA client with active, uncontrolled arterial bleeding✓ 正解活動性、無法控制的動脈出血病人
- DA client with a generalized rash and itching全身性皮疹且搔癢的病人
- EA client with a sudden onset of facial drooping and slurred speech✓ 正解突然出現面部下垂與語謔的病人
急診分流（Triage）的核心原則是基於「生命徵象穩定度」及「生命威脅程度」進行優先級排序，即 ABC（Airway, Breathing, Circulation）準則。急性心肌梗塞、動脈出血及急性中風徵兆皆屬於危及生命或器官功能的急症（Emergent），若延誤處置可能導致不可逆的傷害或死亡，因此需立即介入。骨折與輕微過敏屬於次要或非緊急情況，可依據急診收治量能排在後續處理。
The core principle of emergency department triage is to prioritize based on hemodynamic stability and degree of threat to life, namely the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) criteria. Acute myocardial infarction, arterial bleeding, and signs of acute stroke are all life- or organ-threatening emergencies (Emergent); if treatment is delayed, irreversible harm or death may result, so immediate intervention is required. Fractures and minor allergic reactions are secondary or non-urgent conditions and can be addressed later based on the emergency department's capacity.
美國急診分流多採用 ESI (Emergency Severity Index) 五級制，強調資源消耗量與臨床穩定度。台灣則常使用五級檢傷分類基準（TTAS），兩者在危急病人的判斷邏輯上高度一致，均以生命徵象優先。