護理師督導剛入職的護理師進行周邊靜脈注射，哪項行動需要立即介入？
A nurse is supervising a newly licensed nurse who is preparing to insert a peripheral IV. Which action by the new nurse requires immediate intervention?
- ARecapping the used needle before disposing of it in the sharps container✓ 正解在將使用過的針頭丟入利器盒之前將其回套
- BChecking the client's identity using two identifiers使用兩項識別資訊確認客戶身分
- CApplying a tourniquet 4 to 6 inches above the selected site在選定部位上方 4 至 6 英吋處綁上止血帶
- DPreparing the site with an alcohol wipe using a circular motion使用酒精棉片以環狀動作準備注射部位
本題測試護理師對職業安全與感染控制的認知。職業安全與健康管理局（OSHA）嚴格禁止將使用過的針頭回套（recapping），因為這是導致針扎意外（needlestick injury）的主要原因。針扎可能導致血源性病原體（如 HIV、HBV、HCV）的傳播。護理師應確保針頭立即丟棄於專用的銳器盒（sharps container），且不應試圖回套或徒手拆卸。
This question tests the nurse's awareness of occupational safety and infection control. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) strictly prohibits recapping used needles, as this is a major cause of needlestick injuries. A needlestick injury can result in the transmission of bloodborne pathogens (such as HIV, HBV, HCV). The nurse must ensure that the needle is immediately discarded into a designated sharps container, and must not attempt to recap or manually disassemble the needle.
美國醫院對於針扎預防的規範極為嚴格，通常使用安全針具（safety-engineered devices），一旦啟用即會自動鎖定或覆蓋針頭。台灣臨床環境雖也推動安全針具，但部分舊型針具仍需依賴教育訓練來強調禁忌。