護理師應監測下列哪些藥物的病人是否有低血鉀症狀？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following medications requires the nurse to monitor the client for signs of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)
- AFurosemide✓ 正解Furosemide（呋塞米）
- BHydrochlorothiazide✓ 正解Hydrochlorothiazide（氫氯噻嗪）
- CSpironolactoneSpironolactone（螺內酯）
- DDigoxinDigoxin（地高辛）
- EPrednisone✓ 正解Prednisone（潑尼松）
排鉀型利尿劑如 Furosemide 和 Thiazide 類藥物會增加鉀離子排泄；糖皮質素 Prednisone 亦會導致鉀離子流失。Spironolactone 為保鉀利尿劑，反需監測高血鉀。Digoxin 為強心劑，本身不引起低血鉀，但在低血鉀環境下易引起 Digoxin 中毒，因此不屬於該藥物本身會導致低血鉀的類別。
Potassium-wasting diuretics such as furosemide and thiazides increase potassium excretion; the glucocorticoid prednisone also causes potassium loss. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so monitoring for hyperkalemia is required instead. Digoxin is a cardiotonic agent that does not directly cause hypokalemia, but a low-potassium environment readily precipitates digoxin toxicity; therefore it does not belong to the category of medications that themselves cause hypokalemia.
美台對於利尿劑監測標準一致，但台灣臨床在住院時常規抽血頻率較高，美國多依病況設定。