— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。下列何者為最重要的安全預防措施？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following is the most important safety precaution?
- ADilute the medication in 50 mL of saline將藥物稀釋於 50 mL 生理鹽水中
- BAdminister through the primary line only僅通過主線路給藥
- CEnsure the infusion rate does not exceed 10 mEq/hour via peripheral line✓ 正解確保周邊靜脈輸注速率不超過 10 mEq/小時
- DAdminister via IV bolus push經靜脈推注給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有心臟毒性，不可直接靜脈推注（IV push），否則會導致心跳停止。周邊靜脈輸注速率上限通常為每小時 10 mEq，以防血管炎及嚴重心律不整。若需更高濃度或速率，應經由中央靜脈導管（CVC）投予。
Potassium has cardiac toxicity and must not be administered as a direct IV push, as this can cause cardiac arrest. The peripheral IV infusion rate is generally limited to 10 mEq per hour to prevent phlebitis and serious dysrhythmias. If a higher concentration or rate is required, administration should be through a central venous catheter (CVC).
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對於鉀離子靜脈給藥的限制皆相當嚴格，但美國護理師對給藥安全確認（Double check）的流程執行更為繁瑣。