護理師準備給予靜脈輸注氯化鉀。哪些安全措施是必須執行的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which safety actions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral infusion✓ 正解確認濃度不超過周邊輸注之 10 mEq/100 mL
- BEnsure the medication is administered via an infusion pump✓ 正解確保藥物透過輸注幫浦給藥
- CAdminister the medication as an IV bolus push作為靜脈推注（IV bolus push）給藥
- DAssess the IV site for signs of phlebitis or infiltration✓ 正解評估靜脈穿刺處是否有靜脈炎或滲漏跡象
- EDilute the medication if administering peripherally✓ 正解若經周邊靜脈給藥，請稀釋藥物
氯化鉀（KCl）是高警訊藥物（High-alert medication）。絕對禁止靜脈推注（IV Push），因為會引發致命性心律不整。給予時必須稀釋（濃度通常不超過 10 mEq/100 mL）、使用輸液幫浦（Pump）嚴格控制滴速，並密切監測靜脈注射點是否有滲漏（Infiltration）或靜脈炎（Phlebitis），因為 KCl 對血管內膜有強烈的刺激性。
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication. IV push is absolutely prohibited, as it can trigger fatal arrhythmias. When administered, the medication must be diluted (concentrations typically not exceeding 10 mEq/100 mL), the infusion rate strictly controlled using an infusion pump, and the IV site closely monitored for infiltration or phlebitis, since KCl is highly irritating to the vascular endothelium.
美國醫院對於 KCl 給藥有極嚴格的「Double check」規定，通常需要兩位護理師共同核對濃度與劑量，並在電子醫囑系統（EHR）中留下記錄。