護理師正在照顧一位有跌倒病史的病人。該病人被處方一種可能引起姿態性低血壓的新藥物。護理師應提供下列哪項指導？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of falls. The client is prescribed a new medication that can cause orthostatic hypotension. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- AStand up slowly from a sitting or lying position✓ 正解從坐著或躺著的姿勢緩慢站起
- BIncrease your intake of caffeine增加咖啡因的攝取量
- CAvoid drinking fluids before bedtime睡前避免飲水
- DTake the medication with a full glass of milk用一杯牛奶送服藥物
姿勢性低血壓（Orthostatic hypotension）是指從臥位或坐位轉為站立時，血壓驟降超過 20/10 mmHg，導致頭暈、眼花甚至暈厥。這是許多心血管與抗高血壓藥物的常見副作用。指導病人採取緩慢變換姿勢的步驟（如：先坐起，雙腳垂於床邊，適應後再站立），能讓身體的壓力感受器有時間進行代償反應，維持腦部血流量，是預防此類跌倒最關鍵的護理指導。
Orthostatic hypotension refers to a sudden drop in blood pressure of more than 20/10 mmHg upon changing from a lying or sitting position to standing, causing dizziness, lightheadedness, or even syncope. It is a common side effect of many cardiovascular and antihypertensive medications. Instructing the patient to change positions slowly in steps (for example, first sitting up, dangling the legs over the side of the bed, and then standing after adapting) gives the body's baroreceptors time to mount a compensatory response and maintain cerebral blood flow. This is the most critical nursing instruction for preventing this type of fall.