護理師為病人輸入靜脈點滴，下列哪些徵象暗示液體過量？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is administering IV fluids to a client. Which signs suggest fluid overload? (Select all that apply.)
- ACrackles upon lung auscultation✓ 正解聽診肺部出現濕囉音
- BDistended neck veins✓ 正解頸靜脈怒張
- CBounding pulse✓ 正解脈搏強而有力
- DDecreased blood pressure血壓下降
- EShortness of breath✓ 正解呼吸困難
液體過量（Fluid Volume Excess）代表血管內與間質空間水分過多。臨床評估指標主要看心臟負荷增加與肺部淤積情況。護理師應運用 ABC 原則（Airway, Breathing, Circulation），優先監測呼吸狀態及循環負荷徵象。當體液過多時，心臟輸出量增加，且肺循環壓力升高，會導致肺泡水腫與靜脈回流受阻。
Fluid volume excess refers to excess water in the intravascular and interstitial spaces. Clinical assessment indicators focus mainly on increased cardiac workload and pulmonary congestion. The nurse should apply the ABC principle (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and prioritize monitoring respiratory status and circulatory load indicators. When body fluid is excessive, cardiac output increases and pulmonary circulation pressure rises, leading to alveolar edema and impaired venous return.