— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師給予服用 MAOI（單胺氧化酶抑制劑）的病人出院指導。病人應避免哪種食物？
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client taking an MAOI. Which food item should the client avoid?
- AFresh apples and bananas新鮮蘋果和香蕉
- BMilk and yogurt牛奶和優格
- CAged cheese and processed meats✓ 正解陳年起司和加工肉品
- DWhite rice and bread白米和麵包
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
單胺氧化酶抑制劑（MAOI）會阻斷體內分解酪胺（Tyramine）的酵素。若病人攝取含有高量酪胺的食物（如陳年乳酪、醃漬食品、紅酒），會導致體內去甲腎上腺素（Norepinephrine）大量釋放，引發嚴重的高血壓危象（Hypertensive crisis），表現為劇烈頭痛、心悸及血壓驟升，甚至危及生命。
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) block the enzyme that breaks down tyramine in the body. If the client ingests foods high in tyramine (such as aged cheese, pickled foods, and red wine), large amounts of norepinephrine are released, precipitating a severe hypertensive crisis. This manifests as a severe headache, palpitations, and an abrupt rise in blood pressure and can be life-threatening.